Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) is a surgical procedure used for cartilage repair in joints, particularly for larger or more complex cartilage defects. ACI involves the transplantation of a patient’s own healthy cartilage cells (chondrocytes) into the damaged area to promote the growth of new cartilage tissue
Here is an overview of the Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) procedure:
1. Harvesting Healthy Cartilage:
The procedure begins with a minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery to harvest a small piece of healthy cartilage from a non-weight-bearing area of the patient’s own joint. The most common location for harvesting is the knee joint.
2. Laboratory Culturing:
The harvested cartilage is sent to a specialized laboratory where the chondrocytes (cartilage cells) are isolated and cultured. In the laboratory, the chondrocytes are multiplied and allowed to proliferate over a period of several weeks. This process increases the number of chondrocytes available for implantation.
3. Implantation Surgery:
Once an adequate number of chondrocytes has been cultured, the patient undergoes a second surgery for the implantation of the cells. The procedure is usually performed arthroscopically but can also be done as an open surgery depending on the location and size of the cartilage defect.
4. Preparing the Defect:
The damaged or deficient area of cartilage is carefully prepared by removing any loose or damaged cartilage fragments and creating a stable base for the chondrocyte implantation. The surrounding healthy cartilage is also tidied up to promote integration with the new tissue.
5. Chondrocyte Implantation:
The cultured chondrocytes are then implanted into the prepared defect. The cells are typically placed onto a biocompatible scaffold or matrix, which helps to hold the cells in place and promote their adherence to the defect site. The scaffold provides a supportive structure for the chondrocytes to grow and differentiate into new cartilage tissue.
6. Closure and Rehabilitation:
The incisions are closed, and the patient’s rehabilitation process begins. Postoperative care includes pain management, wound care, and a comprehensive rehabilitation program that typically involves physical therapy. The rehabilitation program is designed to gradually restore range of motion, strength, and function to the joint while protecting the newly implanted cartilage cells.
Over time, the implanted chondrocytes develop into new cartilage tissue, filling in the defect and improving joint function. The goal of ACI is to provide long-lasting pain relief, improve joint function, and delay or prevent the progression of joint degeneration.
ACI is most suitable for larger cartilage defects where other conservative treatments have failed. However, it is not suitable for all patients, and the decision to undergo ACI depends on several factors, including the location and size of the defect, patient age, overall joint health, and patient expectations.
It’s important to consult with an orthopedic surgeon or a specialist in cartilage repair to evaluate your specific condition, discuss the available treatment options, and determine whether Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) is the most appropriate approach for your cartilage repair based on your individual needs. At Alabama Bone and Joint Clinic our specialists are able to guide you through your treatment options. Call today to schedule an appointment with one of our experts in orthopedic care.
