Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) is a surgical procedure used for the repair of cartilage defects in joints. It is a two-step process that involves the cultivation of a patient’s own chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and their implantation onto a biocompatible matrix, which is then placed in the damaged area to promote the growth of new cartilage tissue.
Here is an overview of the Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) procedure:
1. Chondrocyte Harvesting:
The surgeon performs an arthroscopic procedure to access the joint and harvest a small sample of healthy cartilage from a non-weight-bearing area. This is typically done in the same joint that requires cartilage repair.
2. Chondrocyte Culture:
The harvested cartilage sample is sent to a specialized laboratory where the chondrocytes are isolated and cultured. In the laboratory, the chondrocytes multiply and proliferate over a period of several weeks, increasing their numbers for implantation.
3. Biocompatible Matrix Preparation:
A biocompatible matrix, which serves as a scaffold for the chondrocytes, is prepared. The matrix is typically made of a collagen-based material that mimics the natural environment of cartilage and provides support for the chondrocytes during implantation.
4. Implantation Surgery:
Once an adequate number of chondrocytes have been cultured, the patient undergoes a second surgery for the implantation of the cells and matrix. The procedure is usually performed arthroscopically.
5. Preparing the Defect:
The damaged cartilage and any loose or unstable fragments are carefully removed from the recipient site. The underlying bone is prepared to create a stable base for the implantation of the chondrocyte-matrix construct.
6. Chondrocyte-Matrix Implantation:
The cultured chondrocytes are carefully mixed with the biocompatible matrix and applied onto the prepared defect. The matrix with the chondrocytes adheres to the defect site and is secured in place using sutures, fibrin glue, or other fixation methods.
7. Rehabilitation and Recovery:
Following the procedure, the patient undergoes a rehabilitation program that typically includes pain management, wound care, and physical therapy. The rehabilitation aims to protect the implanted chondrocyte-matrix construct while gradually restoring joint function and mobility.
Over time, the chondrocytes within the matrix develop into new cartilage tissue, filling in the defect and improving joint function. The matrix provides structural support for the chondrocytes to regenerate cartilage tissue that closely resembles the original cartilage.
MACI is generally suitable for larger cartilage defects and is often chosen when other conservative treatments have failed. It is important to consult with an orthopedic surgeon or a specialist in cartilage repair who can evaluate your specific condition, discuss the available treatment options, and determine whether Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) is the most appropriate approach for your cartilage repair based on your individual needs. At Alabama Bone and Joint Clinic our specialists are able to guide you through your treatment options. Call today to schedule an appointment with one of our experts in orthopedic care.
